Modifications made by humans to the surface of the Earth during urbanization alter just about every element of climate and weather in the atmosphere above the city. This module examines how these changes affect the urban atmospheric environment (temperature, humidity, wind, CO2, etc) and the wider implications for air quality, human comfort, urban ecosystems and environmental change. The important relationship between cities and climate change and the construction of more sustainable cities, is given particular attention. The iconic urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon which characterizes the climate of many cities will be a common theme throughout. Students are expected to read widely and conduct an empirical research project.